Common name: Zoanthids

General information

Palythoa caribbaeorum, commonly known as Zoanthids, Button Polyps, or Sea Mat, are a popular choice among reef aquarium enthusiasts due to their vibrant colors and ease of care. These colonial anemones are known for their hardiness and ability to spread across the substrate, forming a colorful carpet that adds movement and life to the reef tank. They come in a variety of colors and patterns, making them highly sought after for their ornamental value.

Care

Zoanthids are relatively easy to maintain, making them suitable for beginners. They thrive in moderate lighting and water flow, which helps to keep their polyps free from debris and promotes optimal health. It's important to provide them with a stable environment, as fluctuations in water quality can cause stress. They can absorb nutrients from the water column, but will benefit from occasional feedings of microplankton or finely minced seafood.

Reproduction

In the aquarium, Palythoa caribbaeorum can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Asexual reproduction is common, with new polyps budding off from the base of existing ones, allowing the colony to spread over time. Sexual reproduction involves the release of gametes into the water column, but this is less common in the home aquarium.

Symbiosis

While not hosting fish or other large organisms, Zoanthids can have symbiotic relationships with certain types of bacteria, including photosynthetic Symbiodiniaceae, which live within their tissues. These symbionts provide the polyps with some of the nutrients they need through photosynthesis, contributing to their growth and vibrant colors.

Habitat

Palythoa caribbaeorum is found in a range of reef habitats, from shallow waters to deeper regions where light is less intense. They are adaptable and can colonize various substrates, including rock and sand. In the wild, they are often found in the Caribbean Sea and the western Atlantic Ocean.