Common name: mat zoanthid

General information

Zoanthus pulchellus, commonly known as Sea Mat or Button Polyps, is a species of colonial zoanthid that is popular among reef aquarium hobbyists for its vibrant colors and ease of care. These polyps form extensive mats that can cover large areas of substrate or live rock, creating a dynamic and colorful display in the aquarium.

Zoanthids are known for their wide range of colors and patterns, and Zoanthus pulchellus is no exception. This species can exhibit hues from bright greens and yellows to deep purples and blues, often with contrasting oral discs and skirt margins.

Care

Zoanthus pulchellus is considered a hardy species that is well-suited for beginner and advanced aquarists alike. They thrive in moderate to high lighting conditions and moderate water flow. It's important to provide them with a stable environment and maintain good water quality to prevent issues such as zoanthid-eating nudibranchs and other pests.

Feeding is not strictly necessary as they possess symbiotic algae known as zooxanthellae, which provide most of their nutritional needs through photosynthesis. However, supplemental feeding with zooplankton or finely minced seafood can promote faster growth and more vibrant colors.

Symbiosis

While Zoanthus pulchellus does not have a specific symbiotic relationship like clownfish with anemones, their mats can provide shelter for a variety of small reef invertebrates. Small crustaceans and other microfauna often find refuge among the polyps, which can contribute to a diverse and balanced reef ecosystem.

Habitat

Zoanthus pulchellus is found in shallow reef environments, typically in areas with plenty of sunlight to support their zooxanthellae. They are adaptable and can be found on both hard substrates and sandy bottoms, often in areas with moderate water movement that helps to keep their surfaces free of sediment and detritus.