Common name: yellowhead wrasse

General information

The Yellowhead Wrasse, Halichoeres garnoti, is a vibrant and active fish that adds both color and dynamism to a saltwater aquarium. It is known for its striking coloration, which changes throughout its life. Juveniles typically display a mottled brown and white pattern, while adults develop a bright yellow head, greenish body, and a pink to purple streak along the side. This species is part of the Labridae family, which is known for its members' cleaning behaviors, often picking off parasites from other fish.

Care

Yellowhead Wrasses are relatively hardy and adaptable, making them suitable for both novice and experienced aquarists. They require a well-established tank with plenty of live rock for hiding and hunting. A sandy substrate is also important as they bury themselves in the sand to sleep or when feeling threatened. They are known to jump, so a tight-fitting lid is essential to prevent escape. These wrasses are carnivorous and thrive on a varied diet of meaty foods, including frozen mysis shrimp, brine shrimp, and finely chopped seafood.

Reproduction

In the wild, Halichoeres garnoti exhibits protogynous hermaphroditism, where individuals start life as females and can change to males as they mature. In the aquarium, breeding is less common, but with a group consisting of a single male and several females, spawning may occur. The male performs an elaborate courtship dance to entice the females to release eggs, which are then fertilized in the water column.

Habitat

Yellowhead Wrasses are found in the Western Atlantic, from Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to northern South America. They inhabit coral reefs and grassy flats, often seen darting among the corals and rocks in search of food. They can be found at depths ranging from shallow waters to about 30 meters deep.