Common name: Horn Shark

General Information

The Horn Shark, scientifically known as Heterodontus francisci, is a fascinating species that captures the interest of both hobbyists and marine enthusiasts. This small, bottom-dwelling shark is native to the warm coastal waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean, particularly around California. Known for its docile nature and distinctive appearance, the Horn Shark is a popular choice for public aquariums, though it is less common in home aquariums due to its specific care requirements.

Horn Sharks are easily recognizable by their blunt head, large ridges above their eyes, and the characteristic horn-like spines in front of their dorsal fins. Their coloration is typically a mottled brown with dark spots, providing excellent camouflage against rocky ocean floors.

Care

Caring for a Horn Shark requires a committed aquarist with ample space and resources. These sharks need a large tank with plenty of hiding places and a soft substrate to prevent injury to their sensitive undersides. The tank should mimic their natural habitat, with stable temperatures and salinity levels.

Horn Sharks are nocturnal and prefer dimly lit environments. Providing caves or overhangs will allow them to exhibit natural behaviors and feel secure. Due to their size and specific needs, they are best suited for large, species-specific tanks or public aquarium settings.

Diet and Feeding

Horn Sharks are carnivorous, feeding primarily on benthic invertebrates and small fish in the wild. In captivity, they thrive on a diet of fresh or frozen seafood such as shrimp, squid, and fish fillets. It's important to offer a varied diet to ensure they receive all necessary nutrients.

Feeding should occur a few times a week, with portions adjusted to their size and activity level. Overfeeding can lead to obesity and water quality issues, so it's crucial to monitor their intake.

Behavior and Compatibility

Horn Sharks are generally peaceful and solitary creatures. They are not aggressive towards other fish but may inadvertently harm smaller tank mates due to their size and feeding habits. It's essential to choose compatible tank mates that can coexist without stress or competition.

These sharks are best kept alone or with other large, non-aggressive fish. They require a spacious environment to accommodate their active foraging behavior and reduce territorial disputes.

Reproduction

In the wild, Horn Sharks lay spiral-shaped egg cases that are often wedged into crevices for protection. Breeding in captivity is rare and challenging due to their specific environmental needs and the difficulty in providing suitable conditions for egg development.

Health and Common Issues

Horn Sharks can live up to 25 years in captivity with proper care. Maintaining water quality and providing a balanced diet are crucial for their health. Regular monitoring for signs of stress or illness, such as changes in behavior or appetite, is important.

Common health issues include injuries from rough substrates and poor water quality. Ensuring a clean, stable environment and a soft substrate can prevent many health problems.

Habitat

Horn Sharks are typically found in rocky reefs and kelp forests at depths of up to 150 meters (about 500 feet). They are well adapted to life on the ocean floor, where they use their powerful pectoral fins to "walk" along the substrate in search of food.