Common name: Spotted Unicornfish

General Information

The Spotted Unicornfish, scientifically known as Naso brevirostris, is a striking species often sought after by aquarists for its unique appearance and interesting behavior. It is easily recognizable by its elongated body, prominent horn-like projection on its forehead, and distinct spotted pattern along its flanks. This fish is a member of the surgeonfish family and is known for its peaceful demeanor and compatibility with a variety of tank mates.

The Spotted Unicornfish is not only popular in home aquariums but also plays a crucial role in reef ecosystems as an algae grazer, helping to maintain the health and balance of coral reefs. This ecological contribution makes it an attractive choice for hobbyists interested in maintaining a naturalistic and functional reef environment.

Care

Caring for the Spotted Unicornfish requires attention to detail, as they thrive in large, well-maintained aquariums that replicate their natural habitat. These fish need ample swimming space and are best suited to tanks over 500 liters. Live rock and open swimming areas are essential to keep them active and healthy.

Their care is considered moderate to difficult due to their size and dietary needs. They require a diet high in marine algae, supplemented with high-quality pellets and occasional meaty foods to ensure balanced nutrition. Regular feeding and maintaining stable water conditions will promote their health and vibrant coloration.

Diet and Feeding

In the wild, Naso brevirostris primarily feeds on algae and small invertebrates. In captivity, they should be offered a diet rich in marine algae, such as nori, spirulina, and seaweed-based flakes or pellets. Occasional treats of mysis shrimp or other marine-based proteins can be included to provide dietary variety.

Feed them two to three times daily, ensuring they receive enough food to maintain their energy levels and vibrant appearance. Monitor their intake to avoid overfeeding, which can lead to water quality issues.

Behavior and Compatibility

The Spotted Unicornfish is generally peaceful and can be a great addition to a community tank. However, they can be territorial with conspecifics or other tangs, so it's best to keep only one individual per tank unless the aquarium is exceptionally large.

These fish are active swimmers and require plenty of space to move around. They are compatible with a wide range of other peaceful marine species, making them a versatile choice for diverse tank setups.

Reproduction

Breeding Naso brevirostris in captivity is challenging and rarely accomplished. They spawn in the open water column, and the larvae are pelagic, requiring specialized care and feeding that is difficult to replicate in a home aquarium. As such, most individuals available in the trade are wild-caught.

Health and Common Issues

With proper care, the Spotted Unicornfish can live for many years in captivity. They are generally hardy but can be susceptible to common marine diseases such as ich if water quality is not maintained. Regular water changes, a balanced diet, and a stress-free environment are key to their health.

When selecting a Spotted Unicornfish, look for individuals with clear eyes, intact fins, and vibrant colors. Avoid fish that appear lethargic or show signs of disease.

Habitat

Naso brevirostris is found in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region. They inhabit coral reefs and lagoons, often seen swimming in schools in the wild. These fish prefer warm waters with stable conditions, which should be replicated in the home aquarium to ensure their well-being.

Conservation Status

The Spotted Unicornfish is currently listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, indicating that it is not at immediate risk of extinction. However, like many reef species, it faces threats from habitat loss and degradation.

While not protected by CITES, responsible sourcing and sustainable collection practices are important to ensure the long-term viability of wild populations. Hobbyists are encouraged to verify the origin of their fish and support sustainable trade practices.