Common name: barrel sponge

General information

The Giant Barrel Sponge, Xestospongia testudinaria, is one of the largest species of sponge found in the coral reefs of the Indo-Pacific region. It is often referred to as the 'redwood of the reef' due to its long lifespan and size, with some individuals living for more than 2,000 years and growing to several meters in diameter. The sponge's body is characterized by a tough, barrel-like structure that provides shelter and habitat for a variety of marine organisms.

Care

In the aquarium, Xestospongia testudinaria requires a large tank with strong water flow and excellent water quality to mimic its natural environment. It is a filter feeder, relying on the flow of water to bring it food in the form of microscopic plankton and organic particles. Regular water changes and efficient filtration are essential to maintain the nutrients it needs while keeping the water clean.

Reproduction

Giant Barrel Sponges reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction involves the release of sperm into the water column, which then fertilizes eggs within nearby sponges. Asexual reproduction occurs through budding or fragmentation, allowing pieces of the sponge that break off to grow into new individuals.

Symbiosis

This sponge hosts a variety of marine life, including shrimps, crabs, and small fish, which find refuge within its cavernous structure. The sponge benefits from the cleaning and aeration provided by these organisms, while they gain protection and a food source from the sponge's filter feeding activities.

Habitat

Xestospongia testudinaria is typically found on coral reefs and adjacent habitats in the Indo-Pacific region, from the Red Sea and East Africa to the western Pacific. It prefers clear, warm waters and is often found at depths ranging from the shallows down to about 30 meters.