Common name: Doctorfish

General Information

The Doctorfish, scientifically known as Acanthurus chirurgus, is a popular species among marine aquarists. Recognized for its distinctive scalpel-like spine on the tail, which it uses for defense, this fish is a fascinating addition to any saltwater aquarium. Its name "Doctorfish" comes from this scalpel-like feature, reminiscent of a surgeon's tool. This species is known for its adaptability and hardiness, making it a favorite for both novice and experienced aquarists.

In the wild, Doctorfish are found in the western Atlantic Ocean, ranging from Massachusetts to Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. They are often seen grazing on algae-covered rocks and coral reefs, contributing to the health of the reef ecosystem by controlling algae growth.

Care

Doctorfish require a well-maintained aquarium with plenty of swimming space and live rock for grazing. They thrive in environments that mimic their natural habitat, with stable water conditions and moderate to high water flow. A tank of at least 400 liters (105 gallons) is recommended to accommodate their active swimming and territorial nature.

Diet and Feeding

As herbivores, Doctorfish primarily feed on algae in the wild. In captivity, their diet should consist of a variety of marine-based algae, seaweed, and high-quality herbivore pellets. Regular supplementation with vitamins and minerals is beneficial to maintain their vibrant coloration and overall health.

Feed them two to three times daily, ensuring they have constant access to algae or seaweed. This frequent feeding helps replicate their natural grazing behavior and supports their nutritional needs.

Behavior and Compatibility

Doctorfish are generally peaceful but can exhibit territorial behavior, especially towards other tangs or similarly shaped fish. They are best kept with other non-aggressive species and can be a great addition to a community reef tank.

While not considered aggressive, they may show dominance by using their sharp tail spine to defend their territory. Ensure adequate space and hiding spots to minimize potential conflicts.

Health and Common Issues

Doctorfish are relatively hardy but can be prone to marine ich and other common parasitic infections. Maintaining optimal water quality and a balanced diet is crucial for their health. Regular observation and prompt treatment of any signs of illness are essential.

When selecting a Doctorfish, look for individuals with clear eyes, smooth scales, and active swimming behavior. Avoid fish with visible spots, discoloration, or signs of distress.

Habitat

In their natural habitat, Doctorfish inhabit coral reefs, rocky areas, and seagrass beds. They are often found in shallow waters, up to 25 meters (about 82 feet) deep. These environments provide them with ample algae to graze on and shelter from predators.

To replicate their natural environment in captivity, provide plenty of live rock and a variety of algae for grazing. A stable environment with consistent water parameters will help them thrive.

Conservation Status

Currently, the Doctorfish is listed as "Least Concern" on the IUCN Red List, indicating that it is not at immediate risk of population decline. However, habitat degradation and overfishing in some areas could impact their populations in the future. Responsible aquarists can contribute to their conservation by ensuring they are sourced from sustainable and ethical suppliers.