Common name: Brown Surgeonfish

Scientific name: Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål, 1775)
A Brown Surgeonfish (Acanthurus nigrofuscus) in the Red Sea, Egypt
Lavender Tang (Acanthurus nigrofuscus)Lavender Tang (Acanthurus nigrofuscus)

General Information

The Brown Surgeonfish, scientifically known as Acanthurus nigrofuscus, is a popular choice among aquarium enthusiasts due to its distinctive appearance and active nature. This species is characterized by its brownish body adorned with subtle purple and yellow accents, and noticeable spots on the cheek, which earns it the nickname "Spot-Cheeked Surgeonfish." Its unique scalpel-like spine near the tail is a defining feature of surgeonfish, used for defense against predators.

In the aquarium trade, the Brown Surgeonfish is appreciated for its algae-eating habits, making it a beneficial addition to reef tanks where algae control is desired. Its role in maintaining the ecological balance of a tank cannot be overstated, as it helps prevent algae overgrowth that can be detrimental to corals and other marine life.

Details

Estimated price
Affordable
Recommended minimum tank volume
300 liter (79 gallons)
Salinity
S.G. 1.020 to 1.025
Temperature
24 to 28 °C (75 to 82 °F)
Acidity
pH 8 to 8.5
Average size
20 cm (8″)
Care level
Moderate to easy Requires a spacious tank with stable conditions
Diet
Herbivore Primarily feeds on marine algae and spirulina-based foods
Social
Solo May be territorial towards other surgeonfish
Reefsafe
Yes
Aggression
Peaceful Generally peaceful but can be territorial with similar species
Captive bred
No
Conservation statusSource: IUCN Red List
ExtinctThreatenedLeastConcern

Taxonomy

  1. Kingdom
    Animals
    Animalia
  2. Phylum
    Chordates
    Chordata
  3. Class
    Ray-finned Fishes
    Actinopterygii
  4. Order
    Perch-like Fishes
    Perciformes
  5. Family
    Surgeonfish
    Acanthuridae
  6. Genus
    Surgeonfish
    Acanthurus
  7. Species
    Brown Surgeonfish
    Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål, 1775)
  8. Synonyms
    Acanthurus matoides Valenciennes, 1835
    Acanthurus rubropunctatus Rüppell, 1829
    Acronurus lineolatus Klunzinger, 1871
    Chaetodon nigrofuscus Forsskål, 1775
    Ctenodon rubropunctatus (Rüppell, 1829)
    Hepatus lucillae Fowler, 1938
    Teuthis lucillae (Fowler, 1938)
  9. Source: GBIF | Global Biodiversity Information Facility

Care

Caring for the Brown Surgeonfish requires a well-established aquarium with plenty of swimming space and live rock for grazing. This species thrives in environments that mimic its natural habitat, with stable water conditions and ample hiding spots. A tank of at least 300 liters (80 gallons) is recommended to accommodate its active swimming behavior.

Diet and Feeding

The Brown Surgeonfish is primarily herbivorous, feeding on various types of algae. In captivity, its diet should consist of marine algae, spirulina-based foods, and vegetable matter such as blanched spinach or lettuce. Occasional supplementation with meaty foods like mysis shrimp can be beneficial.

Feed this species several times a day to ensure it receives adequate nutrition, as its high metabolism requires frequent feeding. Providing a varied diet helps maintain its vibrant coloration and overall health.

Behavior and Compatibility

Known for its peaceful demeanor, the Brown Surgeonfish is generally compatible with a wide range of tank mates. However, it may exhibit territorial behavior towards other surgeonfish, especially in smaller tanks. Providing ample space can minimize aggression and ensure harmony in a community setting.

Health and Common Issues

With proper care, the Brown Surgeonfish can live for several years in captivity. It is crucial to maintain pristine water conditions and a balanced diet to prevent common health issues such as marine ich or lateral line disease. Regular monitoring and quarantine of new additions can help prevent the spread of diseases.

Habitat

Acanthurus nigrofuscus is native to the Indo-Pacific region, inhabiting coral reefs and lagoons. It is commonly found in areas with abundant algal growth, which forms the basis of its diet. This species thrives in warm, well-oxygenated waters with moderate currents, reflecting its natural reef environment.