Common name: Swallowtail Seaperch

General Information

The Swallowtail Seaperch, scientifically known as Anthias anthias, is a strikingly beautiful fish native to the Mediterranean Sea and parts of the eastern Atlantic Ocean. This species is a member of the Serranidae family, which includes groupers and sea basses. Its vibrant reddish coloration, accented by a yellowish hue on its fins, makes it a sought-after addition to marine aquariums. The elongated tail fin, resembling a swallow's tail, is a distinguishing feature that adds to its elegance.

In the wild, Anthias anthias is typically found in rocky reef environments at depths ranging from 20 to 200 meters. This depth preference makes it less commonly encountered by divers, adding an air of mystery to its allure. While not as commonly kept as other anthias species, it is occasionally available in the aquarium trade, where it is prized for its unique appearance and active swimming behavior.

Care

Keeping the Swallowtail Seaperch requires a moderate level of experience. They thrive in aquariums that mimic their natural rocky reef habitats, with plenty of hiding spots and open swimming space. A tank with stable water parameters and moderate to strong water flow is ideal. This species is sensitive to poor water quality, so regular maintenance and water changes are essential.

A. anthias is best kept in a tank with a minimum volume of 300 liters (80 gallons) to accommodate its active swimming habits. They are a schooling species and should ideally be kept in groups of at least 3-5 individuals, with one dominant male and several females. This setup helps replicate their natural social structure and reduces stress.

Diet and Feeding

In the wild, Anthias anthias primarily feeds on zooplankton. In captivity, they require a varied diet of high-quality frozen or live foods such as mysis shrimp, brine shrimp, and finely chopped seafood. Supplementing their diet with enriched foods and marine pellets can help ensure they receive all necessary nutrients.

Feed them small portions multiple times a day to mimic their natural feeding behavior. This frequent feeding schedule is crucial for their health and vitality, as they have high metabolic rates and expend a lot of energy swimming.

Behavior and Compatibility

The Swallowtail Seaperch is generally peaceful but can exhibit territorial behavior, particularly among males. It is best to keep only one male per tank to avoid aggression. They are compatible with other peaceful reef fish but should not be housed with overly aggressive or predatory species.

A. anthias is a schooling fish and thrives in groups, where they establish a social hierarchy. The dominant male often displays brighter coloration and more pronounced fins, making it a stunning centerpiece in a community tank.

Reproduction

Like many anthias species, Anthias anthias exhibits protogynous hermaphroditism, meaning individuals start life as females and can transition to males if the dominant male is removed or dies. Breeding in captivity is rare but not impossible, requiring a large, well-maintained tank and careful attention to water quality and diet.

The female lays eggs in open water, where they are fertilized by the male. The eggs are pelagic and drift with the currents until they hatch. Raising the fry is challenging and requires specialized care, including feeding them rotifers and other microscopic planktonic organisms.

Health and Common Issues

A. anthias can live up to 5-8 years in captivity with proper care. They are sensitive to poor water quality and can be prone to stress-related diseases such as marine ich and bacterial infections. Quarantining new additions and maintaining pristine water conditions are essential to their health.

When selecting a Swallowtail Seaperch, look for individuals with vibrant coloration, clear eyes, and active swimming behavior. Avoid fish that appear lethargic or have visible signs of disease.

Habitat

The natural habitat of Anthias anthias includes rocky reefs and caves in the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic Ocean, from Portugal to Angola. They prefer environments with moderate to strong currents and plenty of crevices for shelter. Replicating these conditions in captivity helps them feel secure and exhibit natural behaviors.