Common name: California Cone
General Information
The California Cone, scientifically known as Californiconus californicus, is a fascinating marine gastropod native to the eastern Pacific Ocean. It is the only cone snail species found along the west coast of North America, ranging from California to Baja California. Unlike its tropical relatives, which are often brightly colored, the California Cone has a more subdued appearance, with a brownish shell often adorned with subtle patterns. Its unique adaptations and predatory behavior make it a species of interest for both marine enthusiasts and researchers.
Cone snails, including Californiconus californicus, are renowned for their venomous harpoons, which they use to hunt prey. While the venom of this species is not considered dangerous to humans, it is still advised to handle them with care. Their role in the marine ecosystem as predators of small invertebrates highlights their ecological importance.
Details
- Estimated price
- Unknown Rarely available in the aquarium trade
- Recommended minimum volume
- 50 liter (13 gallons)
- Salinity
- S.G. 1.023 to 1.026
- Temperature
- 22 to 26 °C (72 to 79 °F)
- Acidity
- pH 8 to 8.5
- Average size
- 10 cm (4″)
- Care level
- Difficult Requires a species-specific tank due to its predatory nature
- Diet
- Carnivore Feeds on small invertebrates like worms and mollusks
- Reefsafe
- No Not reefsafe due to its predatory behavior towards small invertebrates
- Aggression
- Semi aggresive Predatory towards small invertebrates and fish
- Captive bred
- No
Taxonomy
- KingdomAnimalsAnimalia
- PhylumMollusksMollusca
- ClassGastropodsGastropoda
- OrderNeogastropodsNeogastropoda
- FamilyCone SnailsConidae
- GenusCalifornia Cone SnailsCaliforniconus J.K.Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
- SpeciesCalifornia ConeCaliforniconus californicus (Reeve, 1844)
- SynonymsConus californicus Reeve, 1844Conus californicus fossilis T.S.Oldroyd, 1921Conus ravus Gould, 1853
- Source: GBIF | Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Care
The California Cone is not commonly kept in home aquariums due to its specialized care requirements and predatory nature. However, for advanced aquarists with a keen interest in marine gastropods, it can be a unique addition to a species-specific tank. A well-established aquarium with live rock and a sandy substrate is ideal for this snail, as it allows them to burrow and hunt naturally. Stable water parameters and a calm environment are crucial for their well-being.
Diet and Feeding
In the wild, Californiconus californicus preys on small marine invertebrates, such as worms and small mollusks. In captivity, they can be fed live or frozen foods that mimic their natural diet, such as brine shrimp or small pieces of seafood. Feeding should be done sparingly, as cone snails are slow feeders and do not require frequent meals.
Behavior and Compatibility
The California Cone is a solitary and nocturnal predator. It spends much of its time buried in the substrate, waiting to ambush prey. Due to its predatory nature, it is not suitable for community tanks, as it may pose a threat to small invertebrates and fish. It is best kept alone or in a tank with other non-prey species that are too large to be targeted.
Health and Common Issues
Cone snails are generally hardy if provided with stable water conditions and a suitable environment. However, they are sensitive to poor water quality and sudden changes in parameters. Regular monitoring of water conditions and maintaining a clean tank are essential to prevent stress and health issues.
Habitat
In the wild, Californiconus californicus inhabits sandy and rocky substrates in shallow coastal waters. They are often found in intertidal zones and subtidal areas, where they can hunt for prey and burrow for protection. Replicating this environment in captivity is key to their success.