Common name: Japanese parrotfish

General information

The Steephead Parrotfish, scientifically known as Chlorurus japanensis, is a vibrant and active member of the reef community. This species is known for its striking coloration and the remarkable ability to change colors and patterns as it matures. Juveniles typically exhibit a different color palette compared to adults, with the latter displaying more vivid and complex patterns.

Parrotfish are named for their beak-like teeth, which are used to scrape algae and dead coral off of hard surfaces. This feeding behavior is crucial for the health of coral reefs as it helps prevent algal overgrowth and contributes to the process of bioerosion, which shapes and maintains the reef structure.

Care

Steephead Parrotfish require large, well-established aquariums with plenty of live rock to mimic their natural habitat and provide grazing opportunities. They are not the best choice for reef aquariums as they can cause significant damage to live corals and invertebrate populations due to their feeding habits. A varied diet that includes algae and marine-based plant matter is essential for their well-being.

Reproduction

In the wild, Chlorurus japanensis exhibits complex social structures and breeding behaviors. They are protogynous hermaphrodites, meaning they are born female and have the potential to change to male later in life. This change is often triggered by social cues or the absence of a dominant male.

Habitat

Native to the Western Pacific, the Steephead Parrotfish is commonly found in coral-rich areas of lagoons and seaward reefs. They are typically observed at depths ranging from shallow waters to about 25 meters. Their distribution includes regions such as Southern Japan, Micronesia, and the Great Barrier Reef.