Common name: Gold-mouth Sea Squirt

General Information

The Gold-mouth Sea Squirt, scientifically known as Polycarpa aurata, is a fascinating and unique species often found in the vibrant world of marine aquariums. Known for its striking appearance, this tunicate is characterized by a vivid combination of yellow and purple hues, making it a visually appealing addition to any marine setup. While not as commonly kept as other marine species, its unique filtering abilities and intriguing appearance make it a subject of interest among advanced hobbyists and marine biologists alike.

In the wild, Polycarpa aurata plays a significant role in the ecosystem as a filter feeder, helping to maintain water quality by removing plankton and detritus from the water column. Its presence in aquariums can contribute to a more balanced and natural system, although its care requires some specific considerations due to its unique biological needs.

Care

Caring for the Gold-mouth Sea Squirt requires an understanding of its natural habitat and feeding habits. These tunicates thrive in well-established aquariums with stable water parameters and low to moderate current. They are sessile animals, meaning they attach themselves to a substrate and remain stationary, filtering food particles from the water.

Providing a stable environment with adequate filtration and regular water changes is crucial for their health. They do not require intense lighting and can be kept in shaded areas of the tank. Ensuring that the tank is free from predators that might harm the sea squirt is also essential.

Diet and Feeding

As filter feeders, Gold-mouth Sea Squirts rely on a steady supply of plankton and organic particles suspended in the water. In captivity, they benefit from supplemental feedings with phytoplankton or specialized liquid foods designed for filter-feeding invertebrates. It's important to maintain a consistent feeding schedule to ensure they receive adequate nutrition.

Behavior and Compatibility

Gold-mouth Sea Squirts are peaceful and non-aggressive, making them suitable for community tanks with other non-predatory species. They do not exhibit any toxic behaviors, but care should be taken to ensure they are not housed with species that may nip at or consume them.

Reproduction

Reproduction in Polycarpa aurata is not well-documented in captivity, and they are not known to be bred by hobbyists. They reproduce sexually in the wild, releasing eggs and sperm into the water column where fertilization occurs. The larvae are planktonic before settling down to develop into adult tunicates.

Health and Common Issues

Maintaining good water quality is crucial for the health of Gold-mouth Sea Squirts. They are sensitive to changes in water parameters and require a stable environment to thrive. Signs of stress or poor health include retraction of the siphons or a decrease in feeding activity. Regular monitoring and maintenance of water quality can help prevent common issues.

Habitat

Naturally found in the Indo-Pacific region, Polycarpa aurata inhabits coral reefs and rocky substrates where it can anchor itself securely. It prefers areas with moderate water flow that brings a steady supply of plankton and organic material.