Common name: Dusky parrotfish

General information

The Black Parrotfish, Scarus niger, is a vibrant and dynamic addition to any saltwater aquarium. Known for their ability to change colors and patterns as they mature, these fish are a marvel of the underwater world. Juveniles typically exhibit a mottled brown and white appearance, which transitions into a striking combination of black with blue markings in adults.

In the wild, Scarus niger plays a crucial role in the health of coral reefs by grazing on algae, preventing it from overgrowing and smothering corals. This process also aids in the bioerosion of the reef, contributing to the sand production in these ecosystems.

Care

Black Parrotfish require large, well-established aquariums with plenty of swimming space and rockwork to mimic their natural habitat. They are herbivores, so their diet should consist of a variety of marine algae, vegetable matter, and high-quality herbivore preparations. Due to their size and feeding habits, they are best suited for larger fish-only or fish-with-live-rock setups, rather than mixed reef tanks where they may damage corals and invertebrates.

Reproduction

In the wild, Scarus niger exhibits protogynous hermaphroditism, where individuals start life as females and some later transform into males. They are known for their elaborate spawning rituals, which often involve color changes and synchronized swimming displays. Reproduction in the home aquarium is rare and challenging.

Habitat

Black Parrotfish are found in the Indo-Pacific region, from the Red Sea and East Africa to the Central Pacific. They inhabit a variety of reef environments, from shallow lagoons to outer reef slopes, typically at depths ranging from 1 to 25 meters. These fish are often observed in small groups or as solitary individuals, grazing on algae-covered surfaces.