Common name: Stonefish

Scientific name: Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider, 1801
A stonefish (Synanceia verrucosa) in marine aquariumReef stonefish (Synanceia verrucosa).
Stonefish Synanceia verrucosaStonefish lying on the seabed

General information

The Stonefish, scientifically known as Synanceia verrucosa, is renowned for being the most venomous fish in the world. Its mottled appearance and ability to blend with the rocky substrate make it a master of camouflage. This adaptation serves as a defense mechanism and aids in ambushing prey.

Details

Recommended minimum tank volume
200 liter (53 gallons)
Salinity
S.G. 1.023 to 1.026
Temperature
24 to 28 °C (75 to 82 °F)
Acidity
pH 8 to 8.4
Average size
35 cm (1′2″)
Care level
Moderate to difficult Handle with extreme care due to venom.
Diet
Carnivore Feeds on fish and crustaceans.
Social
Solo Highly territorial and solitary.
Reefsafe
No Venomous spines can harm tankmates.
Aggression
Aggresive Aggressive when disturbed.
Captive bred
No

Taxonomy

  1. Kingdom
    Animals
    Animalia
  2. Phylum
    Chordates
    Chordata
  3. Class
    Ray-finned Fishes
    Actinopterygii
  4. Order
    Scorpionfishes
    Scorpaeniformes
  5. Family
    Stonefish
    Synanceiidae
  6. Genus
    Stonefish
    Synanceia
  7. Species
    Stonefish
    Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider, 1801
  8. Synonyms
    Scorpaena brachion Lacepède, 1801
    Synaceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider, 1801
    Synanceia brachio Cuvier, 1829
    Synanceichthys verrucosus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
    Synanceja verrucosa Bloch & Schneider, 1801
    Synancejia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider, 1801
    Synancia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider, 1801

Care

Stonefish require expert care due to their venomous spines and specific needs. They should be housed in a species-only tank with plenty of hiding places to mimic their natural environment. Caution is advised during maintenance to avoid accidental stings. A varied diet of meaty foods like shrimp and fish is essential for their health.

Reproduction

In the wild, Stonefish are oviparous, with females laying eggs that are externally fertilized by the male. Breeding in captivity is rare and not well documented.

Habitat

Synanceia verrucosa is found in the Indo-Pacific region, often nestled in coral reefs, rocky crevices, or muddy seabeds. They can be found at depths ranging from shallow waters to 50 meters deep.