Common name: Sergeant Major

General Information

The Sergeant Major, scientifically known as Abudefduf saxatilis, is a strikingly beautiful and active fish popular among marine aquarium enthusiasts. Recognizable by its bold black vertical stripes on a bright yellow body, this species adds a splash of color and energy to any tank. It is a member of the Pomacentridae family, which includes damselfish and clownfish.

In the wild, Sergeant Majors are commonly found in tropical and subtropical waters across the Atlantic Ocean, often inhabiting coral reefs, rocky shores, and lagoons. They are named "Sergeant Major" due to the resemblance of their stripes to the insignia of a military rank.

Care

Sergeant Majors are hardy and adaptable, making them suitable for hobbyists with moderate experience. They thrive in well-established marine aquariums with plenty of live rock for hiding and grazing. These fish are known for their territorial nature, especially as they mature, and require ample space to establish their domain.

Diet and Feeding

In their natural habitat, Sergeant Majors are omnivorous, feeding on algae, plankton, and small invertebrates. In captivity, they should be provided with a varied diet that includes high-quality marine flakes or pellets, supplemented with live or frozen foods such as brine shrimp and mysis shrimp. Feeding them twice daily in moderate portions is recommended to maintain their health and vibrant coloration.

Behavior and Compatibility

Sergeant Majors are known for their semi-aggressive behavior, particularly towards smaller or similarly sized fish. They are best kept with other robust species that can hold their own. These fish are often observed displaying interesting social behaviors, such as forming schools or defending their territory vigorously.

While they can coexist with a variety of tank mates, caution is advised when introducing them to a community aquarium due to their territorial nature. They are not considered reef-safe as they may nip at corals and invertebrates.

Reproduction

Breeding Sergeant Majors in captivity can be challenging due to their aggressive behavior and specific spawning requirements. In the wild, males prepare and guard nesting sites, often on rocky surfaces, where females lay eggs. The male then fertilizes and protects the eggs until they hatch, displaying remarkable parental care.

Health and Common Issues

Sergeant Majors are generally robust and can live for several years with proper care. Maintaining good water quality and a balanced diet is crucial for their health. They are susceptible to common marine diseases like ich and marine velvet, so regular monitoring and quarantine of new tank additions are essential.

Habitat

Sergeant Majors are native to the warm waters of the Atlantic Ocean, ranging from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to the western coast of Africa. They are typically found in shallow waters, often near coral reefs or rocky outcrops where they can find food and shelter. To replicate their natural environment in captivity, provide a tank with plenty of live rock structures and open swimming space.