Common name: Percula Clownfish

General Information

The Percula Clownfish, scientifically known as Amphiprion percula, is a beloved species in the aquarium hobby, known for its striking orange coloration with distinctive white bands edged in black. This species is often confused with its close relative, the Amphiprion ocellaris, but can be distinguished by its brighter orange hue and more pronounced black margins on the white bands.

A staple in the marine aquarium trade, the Percula Clownfish is celebrated not only for its beauty but also for its fascinating behavior and relatively easy care requirements.

Care

Percula Clownfish are well-suited for aquarists of all levels due to their hardiness and adaptability. They thrive in aquariums that replicate their natural reef habitats, with plenty of live rock for shelter and exploration. A diet of high-quality marine flakes, pellets, and frozen foods like mysis shrimp will keep them healthy and vibrant.

These clownfish can be kept in tanks as small as 80 liters (20 gallons), but larger tanks are recommended if housing multiple specimens or other tank mates. Stable water conditions, regular feeding, and a well-maintained environment are essential for their well-being.

Diet and Feeding

In their natural habitat, Percula Clownfish are omnivorous, consuming a mix of algae, zooplankton, and small invertebrates. In captivity, they should be provided a varied diet that includes marine flakes, pellets, and frozen or live foods such as brine shrimp and chopped seafood.

Feeding once or twice daily is sufficient, ensuring they consume all food within a few minutes to maintain water quality. A varied diet enriched with vitamins and marine-based fatty acids will enhance their coloration and support their immune system.

Behavior and Compatibility

Percula Clownfish are generally peaceful and can be kept in community tanks with other reef-safe species. They exhibit a fascinating social structure, forming monogamous pairs and establishing territories, often around a host anemone.

While they are not aggressive, they may display territorial behavior, especially when breeding. Providing ample space and hiding spots can help reduce stress and aggression.

Reproduction

Like other clownfish, Percula Clownfish are protandrous hermaphrodites, starting life as males and having the ability to become female as they mature. This unique reproductive strategy ensures a breeding pair can always be formed. The dominant female will lay eggs on a flat surface near their host anemone, which the male will diligently guard and aerate until hatching.

Symbiosis

The Percula Clownfish is renowned for its symbiotic relationship with sea anemones, such as Heteractis magnifica and Stichodactyla gigantea. This mutualistic relationship provides the clownfish with protection from predators, while the anemone benefits from the clownfish's cleaning and defense against anemone-eating fish.

Health and Common Issues

With proper care, Percula Clownfish can live for over a decade in captivity. They are generally hardy, but like all marine species, they can be susceptible to diseases such as ich and brooklynella if water quality is not maintained.

Choosing healthy specimens with bright coloration and active behavior is crucial. Regular water changes, a balanced diet, and quarantine for new additions can prevent many common health issues.

Habitat

Percula Clownfish are native to the warm, shallow waters of the Indo-Pacific region, particularly around northern Australia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. They thrive in coral reefs and lagoons, often found in association with anemones, which provide them with shelter and protection.

These environments are characterized by stable, warm temperatures and moderate water flow, conditions that should be replicated in captivity to ensure their health and happiness.