Common name: Calico Box Crab

Scientific name: Hepatus epheliticus (Linnaeus, 1763)

General Information

The Calico Box Crab, scientifically known as Hepatus epheliticus, is a fascinating and visually striking species of crab found in the western Atlantic Ocean. Its carapace is adorned with a beautiful pattern of reddish-brown spots on a cream or tan background. This unique appearance makes it a sought-after species among marine enthusiasts and collectors.

This crab is a member of the family Calappidae, commonly referred to as box crabs or shame-faced crabs due to their ability to tuck their legs and claws tightly under their body, forming a compact, box-like shape. This behavior not only aids in camouflage but also provides protection from predators.

In the wild, the Calico Box Crab is typically found buried in sandy or muddy substrates in shallow coastal waters. Its natural habitat ranges from the southeastern United States to the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. While not as commonly kept as other marine invertebrates, it is occasionally available in the aquarium trade, where its unique appearance and intriguing behavior make it a captivating addition to specialized setups.

Details

Estimated price
Affordable
Recommended minimum tank volume
100 liter (26 gallons)
Salinity
S.G. 1.023 to 1.025
Temperature
24 to 27 °C (75 to 81 °F)
Acidity
pH 8 to 8.5
Average size
15 cm (6″)
Care level
Moderate to difficult Requires species-specific setup due to predatory nature
Diet
Carnivore Feeds on meaty foods like shrimp, squid, and clams
Reefsafe
No May prey on small fish, snails, or crustaceans
Aggression
Semi aggresive Territorial towards other crabs or similar invertebrates
Captive bred
No

Taxonomy

  1. Kingdom
    Animals
    Animalia
  2. Phylum
    Arthropods
    Arthropoda
  3. Class
    Malacostracans
    Malacostraca
  4. Order
    Decapods
    Decapoda
  5. Family
    Box Crabs
    Aethridae
  6. Genus
    Box Crabs
    Hepatus Bosc, 1801
  7. Species
    Calico Box Crab
    Hepatus epheliticus (Linnaeus, 1763)
  8. Synonyms
    Cancer decorus Herbst, 1803
    Cancer epheliticus Linnaeus, 1763
    Hepatus vanbenedenii Herklots, 1852
  9. Source: GBIF | Global Biodiversity Information Facility

Care

The Calico Box Crab requires a species-specific tank or a carefully planned community setup due to its predatory nature. A sandy substrate is essential to mimic its natural environment, allowing it to burrow and feel secure. The tank should also include hiding spots such as rock crevices or artificial caves.

Stable water parameters are crucial for the health of this crab. It thrives in a well-maintained marine aquarium with moderate water flow and adequate filtration. Regular monitoring of water quality is necessary to prevent stress and ensure its well-being.

Diet and Feeding

In the wild, the Calico Box Crab is a carnivorous scavenger, feeding on bivalves, small crustaceans, and detritus. In captivity, it can be offered a diet of meaty foods such as shrimp, squid, and clams. It may also accept high-quality frozen or prepared foods designed for marine carnivores.

Feeding should be done sparingly, as overfeeding can lead to water quality issues. Providing food every two to three days is generally sufficient. Observing its feeding behavior can be an enjoyable aspect of keeping this species.

Behavior and Compatibility

The Calico Box Crab is generally solitary and can be territorial, especially towards other crabs or similar invertebrates. It is best housed alone or with carefully chosen tank mates that it cannot prey upon. Avoid keeping it with small fish, snails, or other crustaceans, as they may become a meal.

Despite its predatory tendencies, this crab is relatively peaceful towards non-prey species and spends much of its time buried in the substrate or exploring its surroundings. Its unique behavior and striking appearance make it a fascinating species to observe.

Health and Common Issues

The Calico Box Crab is hardy when provided with proper care and a stable environment. However, it is sensitive to poor water quality and sudden changes in parameters. Regular water changes and careful monitoring are essential to prevent stress and disease.

When selecting a Calico Box Crab, look for a specimen with intact legs and claws, as well as a healthy, vibrant carapace. Avoid crabs that appear lethargic or have visible signs of damage or disease.

Habitat

In its natural habitat, the Calico Box Crab is found in sandy or muddy substrates in shallow coastal waters, often buried with only its eyes and antennae exposed. This behavior helps it avoid predators and ambush prey. Replicating this environment in captivity is key to its comfort and well-being.