Common name: Mushroom Coral

Scientific name: Lobactis scutaria (Lamarck, 1801)

General Information

The Mushroom Coral, scientifically known as Lobactis scutaria, is a fascinating species belonging to the family Fungiidae. This solitary coral is often found in the Indo-Pacific region, thriving in sandy substrates or coral rubble. Unlike many other corals, it is free-living and does not attach itself permanently to the substrate, making it unique in its mobility. Its flattened, disc-like shape and vibrant coloration, ranging from brown and yellow to blue with contrasting tentacular lobes, make it a striking addition to any reef aquarium.

Historically, Lobactis scutaria was classified under the genus Fungia, and it is sometimes still referred to by its older synonyms. Its ability to adapt to various environments and its relatively hardy nature have made it a popular choice among reef enthusiasts.

Details

Estimated price
Moderate
Lighting
100 to 200 PAR
Salinity
S.G. 1.023 to 1.025
Temperature
24 to 27 °C (75 to 81 °F)
Acidity
pH 8 to 8.5
Care level
Easy
Flow
Moderate Prefers gentle to moderate water flow, mimicking reef slopes
Aggression
Peaceful Generally peaceful but requires space to avoid stinging neighbors
Conservation statusSource: IUCN Red List
ExtinctThreatenedLeastConcern

Taxonomy

  1. Kingdom
    Animals
    Animalia
  2. Phylum
    Cnidarians
    Cnidaria
  3. Class
    Anthozoans
    Anthozoa
  4. Order
    Stony Corals
    Scleractinia
  5. Family
    Mushroom Corals
    Fungiidae
  6. Genus
    Mushroom Corals
    Lobactis Verrill, 1864
  7. Species
    Mushroom Coral
    Lobactis scutaria (Lamarck, 1801)
  8. Synonyms
    Fungia dentigera Leuckart, 1841
    Fungia oahensis Döderlein, 1901
    Fungia placunaria Klunzinger, 1879
    Fungia scutaria Lamarck, 1801
    Fungia scutaria danai Verrill, 1864
    Fungia scutaria dentigera Leuckart, 1841
    Fungia scutaria placunaria Klunzinger, 1879
    Fungia scutaria typica Döderlein, 1902
    Fungia tenuidens Quelch, 1886
    Fungia verrilliana Quelch, 1886
    Lobactis conferta Verrill, 1864
    Lobactis danae Verrill, 1864
  9. Source: GBIF | Global Biodiversity Information Facility

Care

Mushroom Corals are relatively easy to care for, making them suitable for both novice and experienced aquarists. They prefer stable water conditions and thrive in aquariums with moderate to high lighting and gentle to moderate water flow. These conditions mimic their natural habitat on reef slopes where water movement is consistent but not overly turbulent.

Being photosynthetic, Lobactis scutaria relies on its symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae algae for nutrition. However, it can also benefit from occasional supplemental feeding of meaty foods like mysis shrimp or finely chopped seafood. This dual feeding strategy ensures optimal growth and vibrant coloration.

Behavior and Compatibility

As a solitary coral, the Mushroom Coral does not form colonies. It is generally peaceful and can coexist with a variety of other reef inhabitants. However, care should be taken to provide adequate space around it, as its tentacles can extend to capture food, potentially stinging nearby corals or invertebrates.

Its free-living nature allows it to move slightly across the substrate, especially if it encounters unfavorable conditions. This mobility is a unique trait among corals and adds an element of dynamism to the aquarium.

Reproduction

Lobactis scutaria is hermaphroditic, capable of producing both eggs and sperm. In the wild, these are released into the water column, where fertilization occurs. The resulting larvae, known as planulae, settle onto the substrate and undergo metamorphosis into juvenile corals. While sexual reproduction is challenging to replicate in captivity, propagation through fragmentation is not applicable due to its solitary structure.

Symbiosis

The Mushroom Coral maintains a symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae, microscopic algae that reside within its tissues. These algae perform photosynthesis, providing the coral with essential nutrients while benefiting from the coral's waste products and a safe habitat. This relationship underscores the importance of adequate lighting in the aquarium to support the coral's photosynthetic needs.

Health and Common Issues

With proper care, Lobactis scutaria can thrive for many years in captivity. However, it is susceptible to common coral ailments such as tissue recession and bleaching, often caused by poor water quality, inadequate lighting, or sudden changes in environmental conditions. Regular monitoring of water parameters and maintaining a stable environment are crucial for its health.

When selecting a Mushroom Coral, look for specimens with vibrant coloration, intact tissue, and no signs of damage or disease. Avoid corals with exposed skeletons or discolored patches, as these may indicate underlying health issues.

Habitat

In the wild, Lobactis scutaria inhabits the upper reef slopes of the Indo-Pacific, particularly in areas with sandy substrates or coral rubble. It thrives in regions with moderate water movement, which helps to keep its surface clean and free of debris. Replicating these conditions in the aquarium will ensure its well-being and longevity.