Common name: Solar Powered Nudibranch

General information

Phyllodesmium briareum, commonly known as the Solar Powered Nudibranch, is a fascinating species of sea slug that has captivated the attention of marine enthusiasts and reefkeepers alike. This species is part of the Aeolidida family and is known for its unique ability to harbor zooxanthellae, the photosynthetic algae typically found in corals, within its own tissues. The nudibranch's elongated, translucent body with cerata resembling soft coral polyps allows it to blend seamlessly into its surroundings, providing an effective camouflage against predators.

Care

Caring for Phyllodesmium briareum in a home aquarium requires a well-established reef system with stable water parameters. They are sensitive to fluctuations in water quality, so regular monitoring and maintenance are crucial. This species feeds on specific soft corals, particularly those in the genus Xenia, so it's essential to provide an adequate food source. However, their specialized diet can make them challenging to sustain in captivity over the long term.

Reproduction

Phyllodesmium briareum reproduces by laying eggs in a gelatinous spiral ribbon, which they attach to the substrate or a nearby surface. The larvae that emerge are planktonic and will eventually settle to the bottom as they mature into adults. Successful breeding in home aquariums is rare, but understanding their reproductive habits can aid in conservation efforts.

Symbiosis

The most remarkable aspect of Phyllodesmium briareum is its symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae. By hosting these algae within its tissues, the nudibranch can derive some of its nutritional needs from the byproducts of photosynthesis, much like corals do. This relationship is a prime example of kleptoplasty, where an organism sequesters chloroplasts from its food sources and utilizes them for energy.

Habitat

In the wild, Phyllodesmium briareum is typically found in the Indo-Pacific region, from the Red Sea to the Western Pacific. They inhabit coral reefs and are often associated with soft corals, which they rely on for both food and habitat. Their presence in an aquarium can be a sign of a mature and well-balanced reef ecosystem.